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Brain Pacemaker: A Solution for Movement Disorders

Brain Pacemaker: A Solution for Movement Disorders

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08 January 2025
Article Content
  • Which Conditions Can Be Treated with a Brain Pacemaker?
  • Who Is Not Eligible for Brain Pacemaker Surgery?
  • How Is Brain Pacemaker Surgery Performed?
  • How Does a Brain Pacemaker Affect Daily Life?
  • Frequently Asked Questions
  • A brain pacemaker is a device designed to suppress symptoms caused by functional disruptions in the brain's motor control centers. Brain pacemaker device is implanted in problematic areas using special electrodes, a procedure known as “deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery.” In addition to movement disorders, brain pacemakers are also used to treat certain psychiatric conditions.

    Which Conditions Can Be Treated with a Brain Pacemaker?

    A brain pacemaker is effective in treating:

    • Parkinson's Disease (in cases resistant to medication),
    • Essential Tremor (shaking),
    • Dystonia and other movement disorders,
    • Certain psychiatric conditions, including Major Depression and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD).

    Impact on Parkinson's Symptoms

    A brain pacemaker for Parkinson's disease refers to a medical device known as Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS), which is a surgical treatment option for Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. A brain pacemaker significantly improves Parkinson's symptoms such as tremors, slowed movement, and medication-induced involuntary movements.

    The Surgery Process and Decision-Making

    Before surgery, patients are monitored in a neurology clinic. Patients who do not benefit from medication are evaluated by a multidisciplinary team of neurologists, neurosurgeons, and psychiatrists. Patients deemed suitable are prepared for surgery.

    Who Is Not Eligible for Brain Pacemaker Surgery?

    The following conditions make patients ineligible for the procedure:

    • Parkinson's within the first five years of diagnosis,
    • Moderate to severe dementia,
    • Serious internal health issues,
    • Patients over the age of 70.

    How Is Brain Pacemaker Surgery Performed?

    Brain pacemaker implantation surgery, also known as deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery, involves placing electrodes in specific areas of the brain to deliver electrical impulses, which help regulate abnormal brain activity, typically to treat neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, or dystonia.

    The surgery involves the following steps:

    1. Imaging (MRI and CT): Target areas in the brain are identified.
    2. Local Anesthesia: A special frame is placed on the patient’s head.
    3. Electrode Placement: Electrodes are implanted into the predetermined regions.
    4. Battery Connection: Electrodes are connected to a battery implanted under the skin in the chest area.

    Post-surgery, continuous electrical stimulation is delivered to the targeted brain regions, reducing or even eliminating symptoms like tremors, freezing, and reduced movement.

    Post-Surgery Process

    • Patients are discharged the day after surgery.
    • The pacemaker settings are adjusted within the first week.
    • Regular check-ups are scheduled, initially every 10 days and later every 4-6 weeks, transitioning to monthly or quarterly intervals.

    How Does a Brain Pacemaker Affect Daily Life?

    After surgery, patients can return to their social and professional lives with their doctor’s approval. They can independently meet their daily needs and continue living as healthy individuals.